{
"question_no": 49,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Classification is not a single step process but involves ___________ in which each step represents a ___________.",
"options": [
"hierarchy of steps; rank or category",
"series of experiments; scientific method",
"chain of reactions; metabolic pathway",
"stages of evolution; phylogenetic tree"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Classification involves a hierarchy of steps, and each step represents a rank or category."
}
{
"question_no": 50,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Since the ___________ is a part of overall taxonomic arrangement, it is called the ___________ and all categories together constitute the ___________.",
"options": [
"species; scientific category; taxonomic system",
"category; taxonomic category; taxonomic hierarchy",
"rank; biological category; classification",
"taxa; taxonomic level; systematic hierarchy"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "A category forming part of the overall taxonomic arrangement is called a taxonomic category, and all such categories together constitute the taxonomic hierarchy."
}
{
"question_no": 51,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Each ___________, referred to as a unit of classification, in fact, represents a rank and is commonly termed as ___________.",
"options": [
"category; taxon (pl.: taxa)",
"species; genus",
"organism; taxonomic hierarchy",
"rank; classification"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Each category in classification represents a rank and is commonly termed as a taxon (plural: taxa)."
}
{
"question_no": 52,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Taxonomic categories and hierarchy can be illustrated by an example. ___________ represent a group of organisms sharing common features like three pairs of jointed legs.",
"options": [
"Mammals",
"Insects",
"Birds",
"Fishes"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Insects are characterized by common features such as three pairs of jointed legs."
}
{
"question_no": 53,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "It means insects are recognisable concrete objects which can be classified, and thus were given a ___________.",
"options": [
"scientific name",
"rank or category",
"specific epithet",
"binomial name"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Since insects can be classified as a distinct group, they are assigned a rank or category in the taxonomic hierarchy."
}
{
"question_no": 54,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Can you name other such groups of organisms? Remember, groups represent category. Category further denotes rank. Each rank or taxon, in fact, represents a ___________.",
"options": [
"scientific name",
"unit of classification",
"specific epithet",
"phylogenetic tree"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Each rank or taxon in taxonomy represents a unit of classification."
}
{
"question_no": 55,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "These taxonomic groups/categories are distinct ___________ entities and not merely morphological aggregates.",
"options": [
"chemical",
"biological",
"ecological",
"genetic"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Taxonomic groups are considered distinct biological entities rather than just morphological aggregates."
}
{
"question_no": 56,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Taxonomical studies of all known organisms have led to the development of common categories such as ___________.",
"options": [
"kingdom, phylum or division (for plants), class, order, family, genus and species",
"cell, tissue, organ, organ system and organism",
"atom, molecule, compound and element",
"population, community, ecosystem and biosphere"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "The common taxonomic categories are kingdom, phylum or division (for plants), class, order, family, genus and species."
}
{
"question_no": 57,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "All organisms, including those in the plant and animal kingdoms have ___________ as the lowest category.",
"options": [
"genus",
"family",
"species",
"order"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Species is the lowest taxonomic category common to all organisms."
}
{
"question_no": 58,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Now the question you may ask is, how to place an organism in various categories? The basic requirement is the knowledge of ___________ of an individual or group of organisms.",
"options": [
"habitats",
"characters",
"adaptations",
"mutations"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Knowledge of the characters of an individual or group of organisms is essential for placing them in various taxonomic categories."
}
{
"question_no": 59,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "This helps in identifying ___________ among the individuals of the same kind of organisms as well as of other kinds of organisms.",
"options": [
"similarities and dissimilarities",
"mutations and variations",
"adaptations and modifications",
"habitats and niches"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Knowledge of characters helps in identifying similarities and dissimilarities among organisms."
}
{
"question_no": 60,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Taxonomic studies consider a group of individual organisms with ___________ as a species.",
"options": [
"fundamental similarities",
"different habitats",
"common ancestors",
"similar adaptations"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "In taxonomic studies, a species is considered to be a group of individual organisms possessing fundamental similarities."
}
{
"question_no": 61,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "One should be able to distinguish one species from the other closely related species based on the distinct ___________ differences.",
"options": [
"physiological",
"ecological",
"morphological",
"behavioural"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Closely related species are distinguished from one another based on distinct morphological differences."
}
{
"question_no": 62,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Let us consider Mangifera indica, Solanum tuberosum (potato) and Panthera leo (lion). All the three names, indica, tuberosum and leo, represent the ___________, while the first words Mangifera, Solanum and Panthera are ___________ and represents another higher level of taxon or category.",
"options": [
"genera; specific epithets",
"specific epithets; genera",
"species; families",
"families; orders"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "In binomial nomenclature, indica, tuberosum and leo are specific epithets, while Mangifera, Solanum and Panthera are genera."
}
{
"question_no": 63,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Each genus may have one or more than one specific epithets representing different organisms, but having ___________ similarities.",
"options": [
"physiological",
"ecological",
"morphological",
"behavioural"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Different organisms within the same genus share morphological similarities."
}
{
"question_no": 64,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "For example, ___________ has another specific epithet called tigris and ___________ includes species like nigrum and melongena.",
"options": [
"Mangifera; Panthera",
"Panthera; Solanum",
"Solanum; Mangifera",
"Panthera; Mangifera"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Panthera includes the specific epithet tigris, while Solanum includes species such as nigrum and melongena."
}
{
"question_no": 65,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Human beings belong to the species ___________ which is grouped in the genus ___________. The scientific name thus, for human being, is written as ___________.",
"options": [
"sapiens; Homo; Homo sapiens",
"Homo; sapiens; sapiens Homo",
"sapiens; Panthera; Panthera sapiens",
"Homo; sapiens; Homo erectus"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Humans belong to the species sapiens, grouped under the genus Homo; therefore, the scientific name is Homo sapiens."
}
{
"question_no": 66,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Genus comprises a group of related species which has ___________ in comparison to species of other genera.",
"options": [
"more characters in common",
"fewer similarities",
"different habitats",
"no common features"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "A genus consists of related species that share more characters in common than species belonging to other genera."
}
{
"question_no": 67,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "We can say that genera are aggregates of ___________ species.",
"options": [
"distantly related",
"closely related",
"unrelated",
"extinct"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "A genus is an aggregate of closely related species."
}
{
"question_no": 68,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "For example, potato and brinjal are two different species but both belong to the genus ___________.",
"options": [
"Panthera",
"Mangifera",
"Solanum",
"Homo"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Potato (Solanum tuberosum) and brinjal (Solanum melongena) belong to the same genus, Solanum."
}
{
"question_no": 69,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Lion (Panthera leo), leopard (P. pardus) and tiger (P. tigris) with several common features, are all species of the genus ___________.",
"options": [
"Homo",
"Solanum",
"Mangifera",
"Panthera"
],
"answer": 4,
"explanation": "Lion, leopard and tiger are different species that belong to the genus Panthera."
}
{
"question_no": 70,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Panthera genus differs from another genus ___________ which includes cats.",
"options": [
"Canis",
"Felis",
"Homo",
"Equus"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "The genus Felis includes cats and is different from the genus Panthera."
}