{
"question_no": 6,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "If you look around you will see a large variety of ___________, be it potted plants, insects, birds, your pets or other animals and plants.",
"options": [
"living organisms",
"non-living objects",
"artificial structures",
"natural resources"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "The passage states that we can see a large variety of living organisms around us."
}
{
"question_no": 7,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "There are also several organisms that you cannot see with your ___________ but they are all around you.",
"options": [
"microscope",
"binoculars",
"naked eye",
"telescope"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Some organisms are too small to be seen with the naked eye, yet they are present all around us."
}
{
"question_no": 8,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "If you were to increase the area that you make observations in, the range and variety of organisms that you see would ___________.",
"options": [
"decrease",
"remain constant",
"increase",
"disappear"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "As the area of observation increases, the range and variety of organisms observed also increase."
}
{
"question_no": 9,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Obviously, if you were to visit a dense forest, you would probably see a much greater number and kinds of ___________ in it.",
"options": [
"living organisms",
"non-living objects",
"artificial structures",
"minerals"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Dense forests contain a much greater number and variety of living organisms."
}
{
"question_no": 10,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Each different kind of plant, animal or organism that you see, represents a ___________.",
"options": [
"population",
"community",
"species",
"habitat"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Each different kind of plant, animal, or organism is regarded as a species."
}
{
"question_no": 11,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "The number of species that are known and described range between ___________.",
"options": [
"0.5-1.0 million",
"1.0-1.2 million",
"1.7-1.8 million",
"2.5-3.0 million"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "The number of known and described species is estimated to range between 1.7 and 1.8 million."
}
{
"question_no": 12,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "This refers to ___________ or the number and types of organisms present on earth.",
"options": [
"taxonomy",
"ecology",
"biodiversity",
"evolution"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Biodiversity refers to the number and types of organisms present on Earth."
}
{
"question_no": 13,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "We should remember here that as we explore new areas, and even old ones, ___________ are continuously being identified.",
"options": [
"new organisms",
"new planets",
"new minerals",
"new habitats"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "The passage states that new organisms are continuously being identified as exploration continues."
}
{
"question_no": 14,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "As stated earlier, there are millions of plants and animals in the world; we know the plants and animals in our own area by their ___________.",
"options": [
"scientific names",
"local names",
"family names",
"generic names"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "People commonly know the plants and animals in their area by their local names."
}
{
"question_no": 15,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "These local names would vary from ___________.",
"options": [
"species to species",
"continent to continent",
"place to place, even within a country",
"season to season"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Local names are not uniform and may differ from place to place, even within the same country."
}
{
"question_no": 16,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Probably you would recognise the confusion that would be created if we did not find ways and means to talk to each other, to refer to ___________ we are talking about.",
"options": [
"habitats",
"species",
"organisms",
"ecosystems"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "The passage emphasizes the need for a common way to refer to organisms to avoid confusion."
}
{
"question_no": 17,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Hence, there is a need to standardise the naming of living organisms such that a particular organism is known by the same name all over the world. This process is called ___________.",
"options": [
"classification",
"identification",
"nomenclature",
"taxonomy"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "The process of standardising the naming of living organisms is called nomenclature."
}
{
"question_no": 18,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Obviously, nomenclature or naming is only possible when the organism is described correctly and we know to what organism the name is attached to. This is ___________.",
"options": [
"classification",
"identification",
"taxonomy",
"biodiversity"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Correctly recognizing and associating a name with an organism is called identification."
}
{
"question_no": 19,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "In order to facilitate the study, number of scientists have established procedures to assign a scientific name to each known organism. This is acceptable to biologists all over the world. For plants, scientific names are based on agreed principles and criteria, which are provided in ___________.",
"options": [
"International Code for Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)",
"International Code for Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN)",
"Biological Classification Code (BCC)",
"International Taxonomy Code (ITC)"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "For plants, scientific names are assigned according to the principles and criteria provided in the International Code for Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN)."
}
{
"question_no": 20,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "You may ask, how are animals named? Animal taxonomists have evolved ___________.",
"options": [
"International Code for Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN)",
"International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)",
"Biological Classification Code (BCC)",
"International Taxonomy Code (ITC)"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Animal taxonomists follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) for naming animals."
}
{
"question_no": 21,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "The ___________ names ensure that each organism has only one name.",
"options": [
"local",
"common",
"scientific",
"regional"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Scientific names provide a unique and universally accepted name for each organism."
}
{
"question_no": 22,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "___________ of any organism should enable the people (in any part of the world) to arrive at the same name. They also ensure that such a name has not been used for any other known organism.",
"options": [
"Identification",
"Classification",
"Description",
"Nomenclature"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "The description of an organism should be sufficient for people anywhere in the world to arrive at the same scientific name."
}
{
"question_no": 23,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Biologists follow ___________ to provide scientific names to known organisms.",
"options": [
"local conventions",
"traditional customs",
"universally accepted principles",
"regional guidelines"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Scientific names are assigned according to universally accepted principles."
}
{
"question_no": 24,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Each name has ___________ components – the ___________ and the ___________.",
"options": [
"two; Generic name; specific epithet",
"three; Generic name; family name",
"two; family name; order name",
"four; class name; species name"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "A scientific name consists of two components: the Generic name and the specific epithet."
}
{
"question_no": 25,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "This system of providing a name with two components is called ___________.",
"options": [
"Taxonomy",
"Classification",
"Binomial nomenclature",
"Identification"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "The system of naming organisms using two components is known as binomial nomenclature."
}
{
"question_no": 26,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "This naming system given by ___________ is being practised by biologists all over the world.",
"options": [
"Aristotle",
"Charles Darwin",
"Carolus Linnaeus",
"Gregor Mendel"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Binomial nomenclature was introduced by Carolus Linnaeus and is used worldwide by biologists."
}
{
"question_no": 27,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "This naming system using a ___________ word format was found convenient.",
"options": [
"one",
"two",
"three",
"four"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Binomial nomenclature uses a two-word format, which was found convenient."
}
{
"question_no": 28,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Let us take the example of mango to understand the way of providing scientific names better. The scientific name of mango is written as ___________.",
"options": [
"Mangifera indica",
"Mangifera Indica",
"mangifera indica",
"Mangifera mango"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "The scientific name of mango is Mangifera indica."
}
{
"question_no": 29,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Let us see how it is a binomial name. In this name Mangifera represents the ___________ while indica, is a ___________.",
"options": [
"family; class",
"genus; particular species, or a specific epithet",
"order; genus",
"species; family"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "In the scientific name Mangifera indica, Mangifera is the genus and indica is the specific epithet representing a particular species."
}
{
"question_no": 30,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Other universal rules of nomenclature are as follows: Biological names are generally in ___________ and written in ___________. They are Latinised or derived from Latin irrespective of their origin.",
"options": [
"Greek; bold",
"Latin; italics",
"English; italics",
"Latin; capitals"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Biological names are generally in Latin and are written in italics."
}
{
"question_no": 31,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "The first word in a biological name represents the ___________ while the second component denotes the ___________.",
"options": [
"genus; specific epithet",
"species; genus",
"family; order",
"class; family"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "In binomial nomenclature, the first word represents the genus and the second word denotes the specific epithet."
}
{
"question_no": 32,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Both the words in a biological name, when handwritten, are ___________, or printed in ___________ to indicate their Latin origin.",
"options": [
"written in capitals; bold",
"separately underlined; italics",
"joined together; italics",
"separately underlined; capitals"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Biological names are separately underlined when handwritten and printed in italics to indicate their Latin origin."
}
{
"question_no": 33,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "The first word denoting the genus starts with a ___________ letter while the specific epithet starts with a ___________ letter. It can be illustrated with the example of ___________.",
"options": [
"capital; small; Mangifera indica",
"small; capital; Mangifera indica",
"capital; capital; Mangifera Indica",
"small; small; mangifera indica"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "In binomial nomenclature, the genus begins with a capital letter, the specific epithet begins with a small letter, as in Mangifera indica."
}
{
"question_no": 34,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Name of the author appears after the specific epithet, i.e., at the end of the biological name and is written in an abbreviated form, e.g., Mangifera indica Linn. It indicates that this species was first described by ___________.",
"options": [
"Darwin",
"Mendel",
"Linnaeus",
"Aristotle"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "The abbreviation 'Linn.' refers to Linnaeus, who first described the species."
}
{
"question_no": 35,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Since it is nearly impossible to study all the living organisms, it is necessary to devise some means to make this possible. This process is ___________.",
"options": [
"identification",
"nomenclature",
"classification",
"adaptation"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "The process of arranging living organisms into groups to facilitate their study is called classification."
}
{
"question_no": 36,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Classification is the process by which anything is grouped into convenient categories based on some easily ___________.",
"options": [
"observable characters",
"genetic mutations",
"evolutionary changes",
"physiological activities"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Classification groups organisms into convenient categories based on easily observable characters."
}
{
"question_no": 37,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "For example, we easily recognise groups such as plants or animals or dogs, cats or insects. The moment we use any of these terms, we associate certain characters with the organism in that group. What image do you see when you think of a dog ? Obviously, each one of us will see ‘dogs’ and not ‘cats’. Now, if we were to think of ‘Alsatians’ we know what we are talking about. Similarly, suppose we were to say ‘mammals’, you would, of course, think of animals with external ears and body hair. Likewise, in plants, if we try to talk of ‘Wheat’, the picture in each of our minds will be of wheat plants, not of rice or any other plant. Hence, all these - ‘Dogs’, ‘Cats’, ‘Mammals’, ‘Wheat’, ‘Rice’, ‘Plants’, ‘Animals’, etc., are convenient categories we use to study organisms. The scientific term for these categories is ___________.",
"options": [
"species",
"genera",
"taxa",
"kingdoms"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "The scientific term for the categories used to classify and study organisms is taxa."
}
{
"question_no": 37,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Hence, all these - ‘Dogs’, ‘Cats’, ‘Mammals’, ‘Wheat’, ‘Rice’, ‘Plants’, ‘Animals’, etc., are convenient categories we use to study organisms. The scientific term for these categories is ___________.",
"options": [
"species",
"genera",
"taxa",
"kingdoms"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "The scientific term for the categories used to classify and study organisms is taxa."
}
{
"question_no": 38,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Here you must recognise that ___________ can indicate categories at very different levels.",
"options": [
"species",
"taxa",
"genera",
"families"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Taxa can represent categories at different levels of biological classification."
}
{
"question_no": 39,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "‘Plants’ – also form a taxa. ‘Wheat’ is also a taxa. Similarly, ‘animals’, ‘mammals’, ‘dogs’ are all taxa – but you know that a dog is a mammal and mammals are animals. Therefore, ‘animals’, ‘mammals’ and ‘dogs’ represent ___________ at different levels.",
"options": [
"species",
"organisms",
"taxa",
"habitats"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Animals, mammals, and dogs are all taxa, but they belong to different levels of classification."
}
{
"question_no": 40,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Hence, based on characteristics, all living organisms can be classified into different ___________. This process of classification is ___________.",
"options": [
"species; nomenclature",
"taxa; taxonomy",
"genera; identification",
"families; classification"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Living organisms are classified into different taxa, and this process is called taxonomy."
}
{
"question_no": 41,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "External and internal structure, along with the structure of cell, development process and ecological information of organisms are essential and form the basis of ___________.",
"options": [
"modern taxonomic studies",
"genetic engineering",
"ecological succession",
"artificial classification"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "External and internal structure, cell structure, development process and ecological information form the basis of modern taxonomic studies."
}
{
"question_no": 42,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Hence, ___________ are the processes that are basic to taxonomy.",
"options": [
"characterisation, identification, classification and nomenclature",
"respiration, nutrition, growth and reproduction",
"adaptation, evolution, mutation and selection",
"digestion, circulation, excretion and locomotion"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Characterisation, identification, classification and nomenclature are the fundamental processes of taxonomy."
}
{
"question_no": 43,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Taxonomy is not something new. Human beings have always been interested in knowing more and more about the various kinds of organisms, particularly with reference to their own use. In early days, human beings needed to find sources for their basic needs of food, clothing and shelter. Hence, the earliest classifications were based on the ___________ of various organisms.",
"options": [
"habitats",
"uses",
"sizes",
"colours"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "The earliest classifications were based on the uses of organisms for food, clothing, shelter and other needs."
}
{
"question_no": 44,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Human beings were, since long, not only interested in knowing more about different kinds of organisms and their diversities, but also the relationships among them. This branch of study was referred to as ___________.",
"options": [
"taxonomy",
"ecology",
"systematics",
"genetics"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "The study of the diversity of organisms and their relationships is called systematics."
}
{
"question_no": 45,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "The word systematics is derived from the ___________ word ‘systema’ which means ___________.",
"options": [
"Greek; classification of plants",
"Latin; systematic arrangement of organisms",
"English; study of organisms",
"French; naming of organisms"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "The word systematics comes from the Latin word 'systema', meaning the systematic arrangement of organisms."
}
{
"question_no": 46,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Linnaeus used ___________ as the title of his publication.",
"options": [
"Species Plantarum",
"Systema Naturae",
"Origin of Species",
"Historia Naturalis"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Linnaeus used 'Systema Naturae' as the title of his publication."
}
{
"question_no": 47,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "The scope of systematics was later enlarged to include ___________.",
"options": [
"identification, nomenclature and classification",
"nutrition, respiration and excretion",
"growth, reproduction and adaptation",
"ecology, genetics and evolution"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "The scope of systematics was expanded to include identification, nomenclature and classification."
}
{
"question_no": 48,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Systematics takes into account evolutionary ___________ between organisms.",
"options": [
"differences",
"relationships",
"adaptations",
"variations"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Systematics considers the evolutionary relationships among organisms."
}