{
"question_no": 1,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Since the dawn of civilisation, there have been many attempts to classify living organisms. It was done instinctively not using criteria that were scientific but borne out of a need to use organisms for our own use - for food, shelter and clothing. _________ was the earliest to attempt a more scientific basis for classification?",
"options": [
"Charles Darwin",
"Carolus Linnaeus",
"Aristotle",
"Gregor Mendel"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "According to NCERT, Aristotle was the earliest to attempt a more scientific basis for classification."
}
{
"question_no": 2,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Aristotle used simple morphological characters to classify plants into _____________.",
"options": [
"Trees, shrubs and herbs",
"Monocots and dicots",
"Bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms",
"Annuals, biennials and perennials"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "According to NCERT, Aristotle used simple morphological characters to classify plants into trees, shrubs and herbs."
}
{
"question_no": 3,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Aristotle also divided animals into two groups, those which had _____________ and those that did not.",
"options": [
"Scales",
"Wings",
"Red blood",
"Backbone"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "According to NCERT, Aristotle divided animals into two groups: those which had red blood and those that did not."
}
{
"question_no": 4,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "In _____________ time, a Two Kingdom system of classification with Plantae and Animalia kingdoms was developed that included all plants and animals respectively.",
"options": [
"Aristotle's",
"Darwin's",
"Linnaeus'",
"Mendel's"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Linnaeus proposed the Two Kingdom classification system, placing all known organisms into Plantae and Animalia."
}
{
"question_no": 5,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "_____________ system did not distinguish between the eukaryotes and prokaryotes, unicellular and multicellular organisms, and photosynthetic (green algae) and non-photosynthetic (fungi) organisms.",
"options": [
"Five Kingdom",
"Three Domain",
"Two Kingdom",
"Six Kingdom"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "The Two Kingdom system grouped diverse organisms together without considering important differences in cell type, body organization, and mode of nutrition."
}
{
"question_no": 6,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Classification of organisms into plants and animals was easily done and was easy to understand, but a large number of organisms did not fall into either category. Hence, the two kingdom classification used for a long time was found _____________.",
"options": [
"accurate",
"adequate",
"inadequate",
"universal"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Many organisms could not be properly placed under Plantae or Animalia, making the Two Kingdom system insufficient."
}
{
"question_no": 7,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Besides gross morphology, a need was also felt for including other characteristics like _____________.",
"options": [
"Cell structure, nature of wall, mode of nutrition, habitat, methods of reproduction, evolutionary relationships, etc.",
"Body size, colour, lifespan, migration pattern and behaviour",
"Economic importance, medicinal value and geographical distribution",
"Respiration, circulation, excretion and locomotion only"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Modern classification considers multiple characteristics such as cell structure, nutrition, reproduction and evolutionary relationships for better grouping of organisms."
}
{
"question_no": 8,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "Classification systems for the living organisms have hence, undergone several changes over the time. Though plant and animal kingdoms have been a constant under all different systems, the understanding of what groups/organisms be included under these kingdoms have been changing; the number and nature of other kingdoms have also been understood differently by different scientists over the time. _____________ proposed the Five Kingdom Classification.",
"options": [
"Carolus Linnaeus",
"Aristotle",
"R.H. Whittaker (1969)",
"Charles Darwin"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "R.H. Whittaker proposed the Five Kingdom Classification in 1969, grouping organisms into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia."
}
{
"question_no": 9,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "The kingdoms defined by Whittaker were named _____________.",
"options": [
"Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia",
"Monera, Protista, Plantae and Animalia",
"Archaea, Bacteria, Plantae, Fungi and Animalia",
"Protista, Fungi, Bryophyta, Plantae and Animalia"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Whittaker's Five Kingdom system classified all organisms into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia."
}
{
"question_no": 10,
"exam": "NCERT",
"question": "The main criteria for classification used by Whittaker include _____________.",
"options": [
"Cell structure, body organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction and phylogenetic relationships",
"Habitat, lifespan, colour and economic importance",
"Size, shape, locomotion and behaviour",
"Respiration, circulation, excretion and growth"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Whittaker used multiple criteria such as cell structure, level of organisation, nutrition, reproduction and evolutionary relationships for classification."
}